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Some insight into the 3.4L OHV RWD motor

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Old 09-27-2005, 04:11 PM
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Some insight into the 3.4L OHV RWD motor

Hi there. Lots of you know me if you have been here a while. A lot of you don't know me either. My name is Russell and I have been here since Cz28.com pretty much got it's start. I have owned a 3.4L Chevy Camaro since 1996 and have been on a "quest for more power" since I bought it. It's peppy enough from the get go with a manual transmission but the automatic is lacking a little bit. Even with the manual, it still has issues putting out enough power to push the massive 3250lbs that is the car itself. When you add speakers or anything else this becomes a serious hinderance to the car in terms of performance.

I have seen posts regarding the 3.4L engine, and I have seen both facts and fiction on this motor thrown around in an attempt to sway people one way or the other. Thats not what I'm trying to accomplish here. Here is my honest opinion about the 3.4L OHV (204ci) RWD engine that comes in the 1993-1995 F-body (Camaro/Firebird). Most of you will be like "oh great whatever". Those of you that know that I have been here and most often won't post in a thread unless I have something important to voice on the matter will stop and read this. And a few of you will be genuinely curious to know what it is I'm trying to convey. Pull up something to drink and some popcorn, this promises to be a long thread.

--

I have done my share of research on this engine. I even contacted GM and asked them for any information they had on the car. They promptly sent me the GM Rebuild Kit for the 1994 Chevrolet Camaro. It didn't cost me a thing and this little packet included every bit of information, original brochures from 1994, a full detailed listing of all options and factory information on every part of the engine, car, chassis, etc.

It was here that I began, studying and calculating and realizing the first thing about the motor. GM Lied. It wasn't a big lie. The motor is advertised at 207 Cubic Inches, but using valid formulas for calculating CID I came up short at only 204. I rechecked several times and came to the conclusion that GM rounded up the engine size because in reality, the "3.4L" engine is really only 3.35 Liters. Now .05 Liters isnt a huge deal..but when you start with so little, every bit counts.

Armed with this information I began signing up to different boards and clubs with the hopes of finding people who had begun to modify the car and make it work better. I came across a lot of owners who were frustrated because they hadn't found anything created by the aftermarket and had given up and advised me to do the same. My Camaro, is honestly my first car. It's the first car I ever purchased and still runs strong to this day. I didn't let anyone's dismay sway me from my goal of making my car work better for me, and not go out and try to win any awards for the most horsepower or torque or anything like that. When I discovered RKSport and their aftermarket products for the 3.4L, my hopes perked up because I realized that if I saved up enough money I could make my car work better. I began to research different engine shops in the area and stumbled across Norris Racing Tech (NRT) with their 3500 package which promised to make the engine a 3.5 Liter and give you the best performance you could get. But at 3000.00 for the engine package + shipping/handling I wrote that off.

Now I have to digress a little because I realize I skipped a very important point. Most 3.4L owners try too hard. You think that you can take your 3.4L V6 and run out and make it faster than any car on the road. That’s not going to happen. There will always be, whether you own a 3.4L v6 - a 3.8L v6 - a LT1 - LS1 – Vette – Viper – Porsche – Ferrari, a car faster than yours. The thing I realized that if I built the car for me, if I did things I wanted and questioned the conventional wisdom of “that won’t work” I would stumble across the magical mod that would give me a massive boost in the right direction. I stayed on these boards for years, watching people come on and ask, “what’s the best intake, what’s the best exhaust...” and all those things. I watched people rise and get incredible gains and saw people I knew push the limits of the engine and develop supercharger and turbocharger kits for the 3.4L, as well as take and add nitrous to it. There were a couple of “loch ness” stories about a mythical 3.4L out there running 9’s in the ¼ mile, but that person never signed up to this board or any others that I have visited, so that person remains a mystery as to whether or not they really exist.

Getting back to my topic – When I realized that I would have to work harder and think more because the things that people were doing weren’t really accomplishing much, I turned to the actual engine design and I looked at several options. I then realized, in 1999, that Pontiac’s Grand Am GT was making 175hp/205tq from a 3.4L OHV FWD motor. I did research into this engine and found that GM had worked a different path on this motor and it was better than the 3.4 RWD. I did more research into engine design and found that runner lengths help determine how much power and torque the engine gets. I looked at the plenum and runner design on the “3400” engine as well as the 3.4 RWD and realized that the RWD runners were jokes. At only 2” long and without any type of airflow acceleration present, they looked like all they served was a means to get the air from the Y shaped plenum, which once I saw a cross section – laughed at, to the cylinders. That was when I decided then and there that the plenum and air intake system was the 3.4L’s weak point. GM had spent money into making the 3.4 into a “Race style” motor. At 60 degrees the Angle of the V shape is natural. EXACTLY replicating the letter V, the angle between cylinders is 60*. The crankshaft in a six cylinder v-type engine has three throws of 120 degrees. With this combination, it makes the engine perfectly internally balanced. No bad vibrations, hence the lack of balance shaft that the 90 degree 3.8 or 3800 series II engine needs to employ to keep the motor from rubbing things the wrong way.

With that in mind, I kept looking into what I could do to increase the natural power of the engine. And I realized that the FWD heads and intake manifold were direct bolt-on parts. The holes all lined up, and they were aluminum which would shave weight off of the engine. Combined with their increased flow (I had no idea how much at the time) they would add a lot of power to an engine that was struggling. So I did more research and found that the iron heads that came with the RWD engine had been used since the original 2.8L engine came out. No changes had been made by GM. Not till they tried to use the 3.4L as a viable engine for the FWD cars did GM even consider making the 3.4L into a “performance” engine. Because of that the 3.4L has become the laughing stock of the F-body world. Many people have tried to make this engine perform better and succeeded, and many more have failed. Simply because they aren’t thinking before they throw parts at the motor. Most people think, “I can get an exhaust or intake and it’ll make the car work great!” This isn’t always the case. Most often it requires planning to increase the airflow of the engine to efficiently use such parts. Why? Because the 3.4L is anemic to begin with – GM thought that they could simply increase the bore and stroke of the engine and throw a “performance cam” into it and it would work fine. This isn’t the case because the plenum and air intake and exhaust systems are so poorly designed that it suffocates the motor without anyone giving it a second thought. While everyone is putting bigger throttle bodies and porting and polishing heads, they are neglecting the most important idea – “you engine only flows as well as the worst bottleneck.” With that in mind, ponder this thought: I asked James Montigny for his flowbench data from Norris Racing Tech on his heads. And then I asked a good friend of mine who specializes in the FWD 60 degree motor for a stock flowbench of the “3100” heads I had pulled from a 1996 3.1L engine and put on my car.

The results shocked me. The stock heads from a 1996 FWD 3.1L engine flowed as good as the heads that were bolted to Tiago’s car (many of you know him as the one who developed a turbocharger for the 3.4L and pushed it to the edge). Tiago had gotten his heads from James Montigny previously and James had the NRT engine package. I went to NRT’s site to learn that the full engine package came with the 900.00 option full port/polish and valve job. You can digest that for a minute before carrying on. GM had managed to work the heads on the FWD engines so perfectly that they flowed as well as taking a set of the iron heads and paying someone to R&D a perfect portjob on them. 900.00. Using the aluminum heads means you have 900.00 to use elsewhere.
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Old 09-27-2005, 04:12 PM
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Re: Some insight into the 3.4L OHV RWD motor (cont...)

The first bottleneck is the plenum. While it looks pretty decent, being that the outer size is 3 inches wide by 2.5 inches tall (or somewhere around there – I forget) where the inside is really only like 1.5 – 1.75 inches wide x one inch tall! The plenum has an incredibly thick construction (why I have no idea, its not like you are boosting the motor from the factory) and it makes for very little space for the air to travel inside. Then on top of that the airflow has to split, make two 45 degree turns in order to get to one more 45 degree turn down into the engine. This equates to a lot of bad sharp angles that the airflow has to navigate – effectively slowing it down. The fact that the runners are super short makes for more problems being that there is no way the engine is capable of any top end power, hence the problem with the engine “dying” at 4500 rpm. Ask any 3.4L owner and they will tell you that the engine seems to top out around 4500 rpm. While most people are ok with this, the tachometer shows that the engine has a rev potential of 5500 rpm and a redline of 7k. This is due to the forged steel connecting rods in the engine that can take more abuse than most. The other thing GM didn’t think of – fuel supply. While 16lb injectors come stock on the 2.8-3.4L engine, they are only capable of supplying the engine with enough fuel for a max of 160 hp. (sound familiar?) After you go past 160 hp, the injectors begin to become less and less efficient, costing the driver more in terms of gas mileage and not really working to their full potential. Putting larger injectors helps a good deal.

All this said, it seems to be that the 3.4L engine is a stout powerplant with untapped potential. I proved this when I bolted the aluminum heads to the block itself. Using a stock 3.4L RWD engine block I mated the Gen III aluminum heads and 3100 intake (1996 model year) along with the fuel rails and larger injectors, the stock 3400 throttle body (50mm, just like the RWD stock tb) and adding RKSport headers (due to the fact that nothing else fit that would work in the RWD engine bay, pacesetter headers would work just as well) I realized a gain in the form of 27RWHP and 30RWTQ. (thats from 140rwhp -> 167rwhp and 183rwtq -> 203 rwtq). Once I took the cutout plate off to open the exhaust fully, it gave me another 3 horsepower and 3 torque (both rearwheel) taking me to 170RWHP and 207RWTQ. That’s a 30 RWHP gain and 24 RWTQ gain. Factor in 15% drivetrain loss and that comes to 200 horsepower at the engine. Now when I started, stock engine save for the 3” catback exhaust and K&N FIPK – I had dynoed at 140RWHP and 183RWTQ – that’s 164 HP and 215 TQ at the crank. Just updating the heads and intake from the restrictive version that GM put on there in 1993-1995 to the ones they were currently using in 1996 gave me an increase of 36 hp and 30 tq (170rw=>200c / 207rw=>245c) over what came from the factory. Then I decided to upgrade to the “3400” parts. I made sure I got a set of heads used on the 1999+ Grand Am GT, which featured bigger valves and roller rocker arms built in, as well as larger runners and ports on the plenum as well as an increased plenum size. I still haven’t dynoed the current setup that I’m running, but it’s enough that to date I have beaten a 1996 Convertible Z28 that was going all out to catch up to me and couldn’t until I decided to let off the gas a little. A 3.4L with parts from GM’s factory shelves, complete with casting flaws – keeping the car from being caught by a stock 1996 Z28. To me that’s a major achievement. I can get the owner of the Z28 to come on here and back me up if you need proof, I’m sure he would help me out. He’s one of the members of my car club.

I guess the point of all this is that I’m tired of people giving up on this engine. Its got a lot of potential but it is a challenge. You can’t just slap parts on it like you can with the V8. Even the 3.8 is a challenge but the 3.4 has so many design flaws that it comes across as a failure when it simply needs to be “woken up”. I’m tired of hearing that making the 3.4L perform is impossible – it isn’t. If it was then neither myself or Tiago would have gotten any results from our testing and working so hard. It is a challenge though. And it’s not an easy one at that. Lots of time and effort have to be put into it. So if you think you are up to the challenge of making something cool and custom, then stay with the 3.4 and realize your own personalized car at the end. If you want an easy way out, sell your car and buy a V8. I really don’t care either way. But sooner or later everyone will realize that the 3.4 isn’t as bad as they think. If GM had put a little more thought into the 3.4L like they did with the 3800 Series II – then the 3.4 would have been rated in the top 10 engines of all time. 200 hp is achievable in “stock” form. I’ve done it. Can you?
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Old 09-27-2005, 05:30 PM
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Re: Some insight into the 3.4L OHV RWD motor



Awesome write up. So if I contcted GM, do you think I'd get the same stuff for free?

Maybe GM should have used the 3.4 DOHC instead of the OHC.
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Old 09-27-2005, 07:09 PM
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Re: Some insight into the 3.4L OHV RWD motor

im making more tq and 10 less hp than the 3.4 DOHC. waste of time. besides with the DOHC you dont get any pickup till 3k. i get throttle response in all gears from 2k - 5500. (warning line is)

and on the "Rebuild kit" -- go to www.chevrolet.com and go to their "contact" area and email them asking if you can get a rebuild kit for the 1994 chevy camaro. see if they have any (dunno).

you'll get stuff that'll list the specs on both the 3.4 and the lt1 for the year + all options, trim, codes, packages, etc etc. weights. the only thing it doesnt have is the cam specs. but i got those too.

i have my ways.
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Old 09-27-2005, 07:18 PM
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Re: Some insight into the 3.4L OHV RWD motor

Wow, very informative and interesting post.
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Old 09-27-2005, 09:41 PM
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Re: Some insight into the 3.4L OHV RWD motor

thanx for the info
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Old 09-27-2005, 10:10 PM
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Re: Some insight into the 3.4L OHV RWD motor

you....my friend.....are my hero
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Old 09-27-2005, 10:37 PM
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Re: Some insight into the 3.4L OHV RWD motor

Originally Posted by MarcR94v6



Maybe GM should have used the 3.4 DOHC instead of the OHC.
its too big,I tried :P(not enugh room behind the motor in a 4th gen) also the dohc is very heavy,its heavyer(word?) than the 3800 II
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Old 09-27-2005, 11:27 PM
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Re: Some insight into the 3.4L OHV RWD motor

ok i've already located a 3.1 engine for parts, lol

but the upper intake is backwards? does it flip around or something? enlighten us!!
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Old 09-28-2005, 01:35 AM
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Re: Some insight into the 3.4L OHV RWD motor

lol. damn i didnt figure id get this many replies from this. alright people one at a time...

Mr. Merk -- the intake can be rotated 180*. the upper and lower intakes are symmetrical. there are more mods than just the topend though.

the pistons need to be changed the stock pistons made for the iron heads with the aluminum heads on the engine will bump compression up to 14.28:1 or something like that. I had to change my pistons (i had my engine rebuilt.)

if you are going boost you would have thought of changing pistons to forged anyway, just make sure that the company you buy pistons from gives you some that fit the LA1 (3400 FWD) engine. if you do this everything will be fine and you will end up with 9.6:1 CR (stock for Grand Am GT.)
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Old 09-28-2005, 02:21 AM
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Re: Some insight into the 3.4L OHV RWD motor

wow the history of the 3.4L F-body and the internet... NRT.. .wow that was a blast from the past

the only comment i have is that the 1.76" valve'd heads did not come out till 2000 not 99

if anyone is interested in doing the 3X00 swap, feel free to ask questions, russell knows his stuff, and i know a fair share (considering i havnt put my motor together yet). but please read this thread first ... another one of russ's threads that goes on for days

http://www.camarov6.com/cgi-bin/ulti...&f=16&t=000765

oh and here are some of his pictures http://camaro.adwire.com/engine2/engine.html

and if you are curious he was wearing a white shirt and black pants yesterday... ok, j/k im not actually stalking the guy
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Old 09-28-2005, 08:10 AM
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Re: Some insight into the 3.4L OHV RWD motor

what is the factory compression on the RWD 3.4?? hmmm....this may entail a little more than at first thought, a rebuild wouldnt be a bad idea....but costly

what about the fuel system, does it go on without a hitch?

i've noted that the 2000 olds van with the 3400 claims 185hp/210ft-lbs, what is different on it compared to the GA GT?? should i search for the top end parts off that?

i guess we need to know specifically what parts from what cars etc
fuel rail/injectors from.....?
heads from........?
upper/lower intake from.....?
pistons from......an LA1...99 Grand Am GT

my AOL IM name is WagonCruiser, if we could chat that would be appreciated! thanks
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Old 09-28-2005, 10:03 AM
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Re: Some insight into the 3.4L OHV RWD motor

Originally Posted by Mr. Merk
what is the factory compression on the RWD 3.4?? hmmm....this may entail a little more than at first thought, a rebuild wouldnt be a bad idea....but costly
i rebuilt my engine and did the head swap. whole thing ran like 2000.00 (cause rebuilds here in los angeles cost like 1200.00)

what about the fuel system, does it go on without a hitch?
easy as pie. you do have to unwrap the fuel injection wires so you can make sure the plugs all reach and then retape them in their new config, but everything works (i used the fuel injection harness that was with the 3.4 RWD)

i've noted that the 2000 olds van with the 3400 claims 185hp/210ft-lbs, what is different on it compared to the GA GT?? should i search for the top end parts off that?
i noticed that too. same parts, different programming. heavier car so they gave it a little more oomph.

i guess we need to know specifically what parts from what cars etc
fuel rail/injectors from.....?
heads from........?
upper/lower intake from.....?
pistons from......an LA1...99 Grand Am GT

my AOL IM name is WagonCruiser, if we could chat that would be appreciated! thanks
lol. yea ill get out a list sometime... no problem. if anyone wants to talk to me and sees me online feel free to chat. im Black34v6 on AIM/Yahoo! and on most other message boards as well.

Last edited by 94Camaro; 09-28-2005 at 01:31 PM.
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Old 09-28-2005, 05:21 PM
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Re: Some insight into the 3.4L OHV RWD motor

What's the first year for the gen III heads plus what size injectors did you use and/ or what would you recommend? Also, did you retain the 3.4 fuel rails and lines and will the 3.4 throttle body mate up to 3.1 intake? Sorry about all the questions, but this is too interesting considering that I'm rebuilding my 95 3.4 come winter time. Thanks
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Old 09-28-2005, 05:33 PM
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Re: Some insight into the 3.4L OHV RWD motor

lol. not a problem. you have to get everything topendwise for the aluminum heads.

heads, intakes, fuel rail, injectors, throttle body.

the bolt holes are reversed on the 3400 throttle body is why.
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